how did alexander graham bell invent the telephone how did alexander graham bell invent the telephone

Alexander (Graham was not added until he was 11) was born to Alexander Melville Bell and Eliza Grace Symonds. Reluctantly, Bell also had to conclude a relationship with Marie Eccleston, who, as he had surmised, was not prepared to leave England with him. Bell considered himself more of a teacher of the deaf than an inventor, but he is best known for inventing the telephone, which he considered an intrusion on his work as a scientist. Deciding to give up his lucrative private Boston practice, Bell retained only two students, six-year-old "Georgie" Sanders, deaf from birth, and 15-year-old Mabel Hubbard. [81] Patent matters would be handled by Hubbard's patent attorney, Anthony Pollok.[82]. George's father, Thomas Sanders, a wealthy businessman, offered Bell a place to stay in nearby Salem with Georgie's grandmother, complete with a room to "experiment". Best of Philly. Many other inventions marked Bell's later life, including groundbreaking work in optical telecommunications, hydrofoils, and aeronautics. He succeeded his father-in-law, Gardiner Hubbard, as president of the National Geographic Society (18981903). [113] Bell's laboratory notes and family letters were the key to establishing a long lineage to his experiments. I want to see you.") confirmed that the invention worked. [96][97] The final test certainly proved that the telephone could work over long distances, at least as a one-way call. Alexander Graham Bell's role as a teacher for deaf individuals and the presence of his deaf wife and mother inspired him to develop his electrical speech machine, or telephone. At 12 years old, Bell invented a de-husking machine for his friend's family grain mill. To give the organization scientific credibility, Davenport set up a Board of Scientific Directors naming Bell as chairman. An obstacle Alexander Graham Bell faced was that others claimed they had invented the telephone or had the idea before Bell. You may know that a telephone uses electricity to send voice communications. The Bell Company became one of the most successful corporations of its time and eventually brought the telephone to almost every household in the United States. 186,787 dated January 30, 1877) were no longer in effect, although the presiding judges agreed to continue the proceedings due to the case's importance as a precedent. The covered end of the drumlike device was attached to the needle. One of the first telephones in a private residence was installed in his palace in Petrpolis, his summer retreat forty miles (sixty-four kilometres) from Rio de Janeiro.[109]. Bell would later write that he had come to Canada a "dying man". [N 2] Bell considered his invention an intrusion on his real work as a scientist and refused to have a telephone in his study. This was a method of transmitting sound in a beam of light using a light sensitive selenium cell to translate the light density into electric signals. Birth State: Massachusetts. The March 1906 Scientific American article by American pioneer William E. Meacham explained the basic principle of hydrofoils and hydroplanes. He and his assistant, Charles Tainter, developed a device they called the "photophone," which transmitted sound on a beam of light. But his knowledge of sound and the human voice gave him a unique perspective as an inventor. To help celebrate his life, his wife asked guests not to wear black (the traditional funeral color) while attending his service, during which soloist Jean MacDonald sang a verse of Robert Louis Stevenson's "Requiem":[191]. The First Day of Issue ceremony was held on October 28 in Boston, Massachusetts, the city where Bell spent considerable time on research and working with the deaf. [212] He also served for many years as a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution (18981922). [189] He was survived by his wife Mabel, his two daughters, Elsie May and Marian, and nine of his grandchildren. Bell had a lasting impact on a variety of fields beyond the telephone, including optical telecommunications, hydrofoils, and aeronautics, and served as the second . Alexander began to promote the telephone and improve on the telegraph. In a footnote, Bell adds, "The death of President Garfield and the subsequent post-mortem examination, however, proved that the bullet was at too great a distance from the surface to have affected our apparatus."[161]. The first patent for such a device was his, but the . "[177], A review of Bell's "Memoir upon the Formation of a Deaf Variety of the Human Race" appearing in an 1885 issue of the "American Annals of the Deaf and Dumb" states that "Dr. Bell does not advocate legislative interference with the marriages of the deaf for several reasons one of which is that the results of such marriages have not yet been sufficiently investigated." At the age of 12, Bell built a homemade device that combined rotating paddles with sets of nail brushes, creating a simple dehusking machine that was put into operation at the mill and used steadily for a number of years. [126][N 16], The value of the Bell patent was acknowledged throughout the world, and patent applications were made in most major countries, but when Bell delayed the German patent application, the electrical firm of Siemens & Halske set up a rival manufacturer of Bell telephones under their own patent. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone during the industrial revolution in 1876 at the age of 29. [61][62] While he was working as a private tutor, one of his pupils was Helen Keller, who came to him as a young child unable to see, hear, or speak. He also criticized educational practices that segregated deaf children rather than integrated them fulling into mainstream classrooms. Alexander Graham Bells observations about how sound traveled along a wire gave rise to his idea of transmitting a human voice in the same manner. Throughout his lifetime, Bell sought to integrate the deaf and hard of hearing with the hearing world. The project that Bell himself called his greatest achievement in 1880 he named the photophone. He had two brothers: Melville James Bell (18451870) and Edward Charles Bell (18481867), both of whom would die of tuberculosis. [118], During a deposition filed for the 1887 trial, Italian inventor Antonio Meucci also claimed to have created the first working model of a telephone in Italy in 1834. The world is aware of the fact that Bell invented the telephone. The machine Bell built was used by that family for many years. Two years later, he was appointed Professor of Vocal Physiology and Elocution at Boston University. With financial support from Sanders and Hubbard, Bell hired Thomas Watson as his assistant,[N 13] and the two of them experimented with acoustic telegraphy. One of the AEA's inventions, a practical wingtip form of the aileron, was to become a standard component on all aircraft. [163] In 1913, Dr. Bell hired Walter Pinaud, a Sydney yacht designer and builder as well as the proprietor of Pinaud's Yacht Yard in Westmount, Nova Scotia, to work on the pontoons of the HD-4. The result was a contraption that he dubbed the ear phonautograph. A person could speak into the machine, and a pen attached to a membrane would react by tracing a line. He also co-founded the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) in 1885. You likely already know that Alexander Graham Bells telephone invention changed the world. Travelling to Boston in April 1871, Bell proved successful in training the school's instructors. [128][N 17]. In 1879, the Bell company acquired Edison's patents for the carbon microphone from Western Union. Tel. [57] He was subsequently asked to repeat the programme at the American Asylum for Deaf-mutes in Hartford, Connecticut, and the Clarke School for the Deaf in Northampton, Massachusetts. Though inventions like the Corliss steam engine seemed to be the mightiest, the telephone commanded attention for its utility to the average person. Bell claimed they discussed the patent only in general terms, although in a letter to Gray, Bell admitted that he learned some of the technical details. [7] During that excursion, Bell took a handmade model of his telephone with him, making it a "working holiday". [91] After March 1876, Bell focused on improving the electromagnetic telephone and never used Gray's liquid transmitter in public demonstrations or commercial use. [131] One unusual request exacted by his fiance was that he use "Alec" rather than the family's earlier familiar name of "Aleck". But few know that the central interest of his life was education for deaf children or that he was one of the strongest proponents of oralism in the United States. He urged the people who used his phone to say "hello" when answering . [citation needed], Bell worked extensively in medical research and invented techniques for teaching speech to the deaf. Birth Country: United States. However, that's not the only thing Bell cooked up in his. When we think of an inventor, we often think of someone with a singular passion for whatever it is that they're . This made the telephone practical for longer distances, and it was no longer necessary to shout to be heard at the receiving telephone. This led him and Bell to the development of practical hydrofoil watercraft. Despite having the patent, Bell did not have a fully functioning instrument. In 1863, Bell was . Western Union Telegraph Company, the dominant firm in the industry, acquired the rights to Stearnss duplex and hired the noted inventor Thomas Edison to devise as many multiple-transmission methods as possible in order to block competitors from using them. One of Bells students was Mabel Hubbard, daughter of Gardiner Greene Hubbard, a founder of the Clarke School. He also co-founded the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) in 1885. Alexander Graham Bell's invention of the telephone in 1876, was a world-changing event which was also a breakthrough in communication. By the turn of the century, there were more than 600,000 telephones in the United States alone. This revelation became the genesis for Alexander Graham Bells telephone invention. Bell is also credited with developing one of the early versions of a metal detector through the use of an induction balance, after the shooting of U.S. President James A. Garfield in 1881. In personal correspondence to Bell, both Gray and Dolbear had acknowledged his prior work, which considerably weakened their later claims. A wealthy lawyer and politician, Hubbard was supporting Bells experiments financially but would not let him marry his daughter, Mabel, until he had perfected his invention! His mother was almost deaf, and his father taught elocution to the deaf, influencing Alexanders later career choice as teacher of the deaf. Bell sketched out the telegraph to give him an idea of how to make the telephone. Bell patented his telephone first and later emerged the victor in a legal dispute with Gray. [111] Over a period of 18 years, the Bell Telephone Company faced 587 court challenges to its patents, including five that went to the U.S. Supreme Court,[112] but none was successful in establishing priority over the original Bell patent[113][114] and the Bell Telephone Company never lost a case that had proceeded to a final trial stage. Sensing potential, he. On March 10th, 1876, his invention worked: the first telephone! In 1892, he made the ceremonial call to open long distance telephone service between New York and Chicago, and in 1915 the call to open service between New York and San Francisco. Phone listing (1848-1849)National Museums Scotland. Others transmitted a sound or a click or a buzz but our boys [Bell and Watson] were the first to transmit speech one could understand.". Bell's March 10, 1876, laboratory notebook entry describing his first successful experiment with the telephone. Prior to perfecting the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell invented and demonstrated the harmonic telegraph at the Centennial Exposition of 1876, held in Philadelphia's Fairmount Park. ", At 25 to 30 Miles an Hour. In our version of the story, Bell only sees the fun advantag. However, you may not know that the man who invented the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922) had another invention that used light to transmit sound. Marian was born only days after Bell and his assistant. While days and evenings were occupied by his teaching and private classes, Bell began to stay awake late into the night, running experiment after experiment in rented facilities at his boarding house. The next step would be to find investors. In addition, Bell's grandfather, father and brother all shared an interest in speech and elocution. [53][N 9]. Based on information gained from that article, he began to sketch concepts of what is now called a hydrofoil boat. How did Alexander Graham Bells telephone work? On returning to Baddeck, a number of initial concepts were built as experimental models, including the Dhonnas Beag (Scottish Gaelic for 'little devil'), the first self-propelled Bell-Baldwin hydrofoil. June 3, 1880. Baldwin described it as being as smooth as flying. [160] Garfield's surgeons, led by self-appointed chief physician Doctor Willard Bliss, were skeptical of the device, and ignored Bell's requests to move the President to a bed not fitted with metal springs. The president of Western Union balked, countering that the telephone was nothing but a toy. And in 1891-92, he served as AIEE president. Baldwin studied the work of the Italian inventor Enrico Forlanini and began testing models. However, the question of priority of invention between the two has been controversial from the very beginning. He supported the journal Science, which later became the official publication of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. The clerk seemed to admit as much in a later court case, but Bells patent was upheld, as it was in the many cases which followed. [69] Bell did not support a ban on deaf people marrying each other, an idea articulated by the National Association of the Deaf (United States). Thomas Edison invented the carbon microphone which produced a strong telephone signal. On that same day a few hours later or was it a few hours earlier? There is considerable debate about who arrived first and Gray later challenged the primacy of Bell's patent. At the end of July, he began searching for Garfields bullet, but to no avail. In 1875, the year before Bell obtained his patent for the telephone, the U.S. Patent Office granted him a patent for the telautograph, a primitive fax machine that used liquid transmitters. [59], Unsure of his future, he contemplated returning to London to complete his studies, but decided to return to Boston as a teacher. Watson, come here, I want to see you!. Finally, he and Hubbard worked out an agreement that Bell would devote most of his time to the harmonic telegraph but would continue developing his telephone concept. Despite Garfields death in September, Bell later successfully demonstrated the probe to a group of doctors. Illustration of Bell's equipment used (1877)National Museums Scotland. With a change in administration and charges of conflict of interest (on both sides) arising from the original trial, the US Attorney General dropped the lawsuit on November 30, 1897, leaving several issues undecided on the merits. By that time, Bell had developed a growing interest in the technology of sound recording and playback. These included 14 for the telephone and telegraph, four for the photophone, one for the phonograph, five for aerial vehicles, four for "hydroairplanes", and two for selenium cells. Vibration of the diaphragm caused a needle to vibrate in the water, varying the electrical resistance in the circuit. His primary source of income was from his work as an elocution expert. However, there was no way to transmit a person's voice through a telegram. Through study and experimentation, Bell hypothesised that if sound waves could be converted into a fluctuating electric current, then that current could then be reconverted into sound waves identical to the original at the other end of the circuit. [160] Alternatively, although Bell had detected a slight sound on his first test, the bullet may have been lodged too deeply to be detected by the crude apparatus. [95], Continuing his experiments in Brantford, Bell brought home a working model of his telephone. Bell also had a strong influence on the National Geographic Society[11] and its magazine while serving as the second president from January 7, 1898, until 1903. Bell travelled the country promoting his invention, even demonstrating the device to Queen Victoria, who was so amused she asked to keep the temporary installation in place. The decibel is defined as one tenth of a bel. [213] The French government conferred on him the decoration of the Lgion d'honneur (Legion of Honor); the Royal Society of Arts in London awarded him the Albert Medal in 1902; the University of Wrzburg, Bavaria, granted him a PhD, and he was awarded the Franklin Institute's Elliott Cresson Medal in 1912. Alexander Graham Bell was a Scottish-born scientist and inventor best known for inventing the first working telephone in 1876 and founding the Bell Telephone Company in 1877. Alexander Graham Bell 's Telephone Invention In 1876, Watson plucked a spring in one room, and the sound came through on a receiver in the other. Methane gas, he reasoned, could be produced from the waste of farms and factories. It will ever be a source of pride to our country that the great invention, with which his name is immortally associated, is a part of its history. It was then recollected that underneath the horse-hair mattress on which the President lay was another mattress composed of steel wires. Best of Philly. On March 7, 1876, 29-year-old Alexander Graham Bell receives a patent for his revolutionary new invention: the telephone. [21] Despite being normally quiet and introspective, he revelled in mimicry and "voice tricks" akin to ventriloquism that continually entertained family guests during their occasional visits. On 14 February 1876, sensing the danger of rival developments for this valuable invention, Bells future father-in-law, Gardiner Hubbard, filed a patent application for Improvements in Telegraphy. Mabel had become deaf at age five as a result of a near-fatal bout of scarlet fever.